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Human papillomavirus in women - symptoms and treatment

If the warts appear near the rectum, it means that human papillomavirus (HPV) is developing in the body. Dangerous infection, in its active stage, can lead to cancer and death. Diagnosis and treatment should be timely.

What is human papillomavirus

HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection that causes warts to form in the intimate areas through the division of active cells. The group of viruses belonging to the family of papillomaviruses includes 5 genera, 27 species and more than 170 strains. About 60% of the world’s population is infected with HPV. In most cases, the virus stays in the body for many years.

Incubation period

Replication lasts for 3 months, when the virus does not manifest itself in any form. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection increases and affects healthy tissues. Immunity in young women eliminates HPV on its own in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies and the disease becomes chronic.

Ways of infection

Papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:

  • Sexual. The main route of infection is when the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
  • Communication and Household. Use of the patient's belongings, clothes, shoes, household items.
  • From mother to fetus. If HPV is transmitted from mother to child, it is transmitted to the baby through the birth canal.
  • The connection. Touching the skin of a sick person.

Causes of HPV in women

Strong immunity kills the virus in 90% of cases and does not require treatment. In other patients it becomes active, recurrent. The causes of HPV in women are:

  • viral diseases;
  • early sexual activity;
  • HIV / AIDS;
  • frequent change of sexual partners;
  • immunosuppressive therapy;
  • unprotected sex;
  • long-term medications;
  • childbirth, frequent abortions;
  • Diabetes mellitus;
  • drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
  • chronic diseases of the urogenital tract;
  • Weak immunity after illness.

What is dangerous

Female papillomavirus causes cancers of the cervix, labia, labia, and rectum. Breast cancer can develop. Early detection and treatment of the DNA virus is necessary to rule out uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer. HPV during pregnancy is accompanied by infection of the fetus. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the child's organs are fully formed.

Types of oncogenic HPV

Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV in women differ:

  • Not oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are eliminated, cancer does not develop.
  • Low oncogenicity. Types Hpv 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40-44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors may develop malignant tumors.
  • Moderate oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Cancer develops under the influence of provocative factors.
  • High oncogenicity. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.

Types 16 and 18 of HPV

HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe enters the body's cells and blocks the body's defenses against cancer. Gray spots with a rough surface appear in the genitals and rectum. Over time, warts, papillomas, and condylomata form. They are localized not only in the genitals, but also in the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.

HPV 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reducing the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for the proliferation of malignant tumors. Cervical cancer can occur. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.

Signs of infection

Symptoms of infection depend on the strain of the person infected. At first, the HPV carrier does not feel uncomfortable. The virus is latent (asymptomatic). Under the influence of provocative factors, the following symptoms of HPV appear:

  • diseases of the external genitalia;
  • burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
  • skin tumors;
  • pain during sexual intercourse.

Papillomas and condylomata

Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts are caused by 6 or 11 types of viruses. The plants look like colored cabbages on the outside. Such new tumors are often prone to cancer, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rashes can accumulate in large, large foci. The main danger is the risk of damaging this concentration of the thin leg.

Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Growths in the dense consistency of the legs come in different colors (pink, brown, gray). Vestibular papillomatosis may increase in women. There is no cure. With strong immunity, such growths can be eliminated without treatment, and the risk of harm is minimal.

Warts

In women, the following types of warts differ in shape:

  • Simple (obscene). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Foot warts occur on the soles of the feet caused by HPV types 1 and 2.
  • Filamentous. Knots in the legs are located in the groin, underarms, mammary glands, and genitals.
  • Flat (youth). Localized in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence and disappear spontaneously when they grow up. It is caused by viruses of types 3 and 5.

Diagnosis

To speed up the recovery of girls and women, it is necessary to get tested and correctly identify the type of virus. In dangerous conditions, the woman is registered in the venereology department. Diagnosis is comprehensive and includes the following methods:

  • Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor identifies skin tumors, determines their size and location.
  • Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. Lugol's solution and acetic acid are used for the accuracy of the study.
  • Biopsy. Removal of biomaterial from the cervix is performed to confirm or rule out oncology.
  • PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Detects the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
  • ELISA (enzymatic immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the virus.

PAP tests

This method is used in gynecology. A cervical scraper is used to detect cancerous changes in the epithelium. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane on the inside of the cervix, and the vaginal opening. It is dyed, dried, and examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancer cells.

The steps for evaluating the results are as follows:

  • lack of microbial flora;
  • the initial stage of atypical cells;
  • abnormal structure of nuclei;
  • cells with abnormal nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
  • high concentration of harmful cells.

PCR diagnostics

A vaginal scraper is used to identify areas of DNA characteristic of papillomavirus. With a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:

  • Up to Lg 3 - low HPV concentration.
  • Lg 3-5 is the capacity of the papillomavirus.
  • Lg from 5 - high concentration of HPV.

Digen test

This is a hybrid capture method that identifies areas of papillomavirus DNA. Screening test is characterized by high susceptibility (more than 96%), detects HPV in the early stages and the tendency to oncology. The Digene test often determines the concentration of the virus in combination with cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used around the world to get fast results.

Treatment of female papillomavirus

Comprehensive HPV therapy includes:

  • removal of skin growths;
  • taking antiviral drugs;
  • The course of immunostimulatory treatment.

Depending on their location on the body, condyloma and papillomas can be easily injured. In addition, tumors may grow. It is best to remove such growths surgically. Otherwise, the risk of developing skin ulcers soon increases.

Medicine

Taking medication is necessary to reduce the activity of the virus and strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for the comprehensive treatment of HPV:

  • Local cutters. These gels, ointments, solutions of organic acids, contain antiviral components. In this way, small growths on the skin can be removed and their growth stopped.
  • Against the virus. Medicines contain an antiviral component that, when ingested, produces antibodies against the infection.
  • Immunomodulators. They prevent the growth of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.

Surgical

One of the recommended surgical methods to stop the growth of tumors in the skin with a viral disease is:

  • Laser therapy. Laser catheterization. The method is tolerated during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
  • Cryodestruction. The warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen and then they are painlessly destroyed. There are no scars left on the body after the procedure.
  • Diathermocoagulation. Growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel and an electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
  • Radio wave therapy. The method is painful, eliminates moderate scars, leaves no scars and has minimal medical contraindications.
  • Surgical approach. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue damage, suspected oncology. Disadvantages - scars.

People's funds

The integrated treatment regimen uses alternative medicine to eliminate the symptoms of papillomavirus. HPV cannot be cured internally in this way, but skin tumors can be eliminated without consequences. Use the following health recipes to get rid of genital warts, warts and papillomas:

  • Peel a squash, grate it and squeeze the juice. Perform the procedure once a day until the warts dry out and fall off on their own.
  • Lubricate warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until there is no accumulation.
  • Squeeze the juice of garlic, lubricate the pathology. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. In time, the warts will disappear.
  • Rowan berries cut in half. Apply to warts and cover with plaster. Perform the procedure at bedtime, positive dynamics is observed after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
  • Mix lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir and apply to external growths 2-3 times a day until they fall off.
Folk remedies for HPV in women

In order to quickly eradicate the virus and strengthen the immune system, a comprehensive treatment regimen may include healing decoctions and infusions instead of tea. Folk remedies with immunostimulatory properties are:

  • Needle leaf infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. l. crushed needles 1 cup boiling water. Boil over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
  • Sugar onion. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times a day before meals (honey can be added).

Prevention

It is difficult to choose the right medicine and eradicate the papillomavirus. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. Preventive measures should be taken in a timely manner. Medical recommendations are as follows:

  • Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
  • Get tested for HPV twice a year.
  • Abolition of sexual intercourse.
  • Use barrier contraception.
  • Strengthen the immune system (especially in seasonal vitamin deficiency).
  • Take your medicine.
  • Maintain an active lifestyle and exercise.

HPV prevention in women includes vaccinations. Inpatient vaccination can protect against only 4 types of HPV - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.